北大经院工作坊第721场
Signaling and Quality Upgrading: Evidence from E-commerce Certification in China
国际经济学与实证产业组织工作坊
主讲人：高恺琳（对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院讲师）
主持老师：（北大经院）莫家伟
参与老师：
（北大经院）杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
（北大新结构）王歆、徐铭梽
时间：2023年10月14日（周六）9：10-10：20
地点：北京大学经济学院305会议室
报告摘要：
E-commerce certification can signal a firm's quality, reducing information frictions and incentivizing quality upgrading. This paper examines the effect of certification on quality upgrading both econometrically and using a novel dynamic structural model. To this end, we collected data from Alibaba.com, one of the world's largest global Business-to-Business platforms, which launched its certification policy, "Gold Supplier," in 2000. We posit that signaling as a Gold Supplier is more costly for lower-quality firms. Combining Alibaba.com data with 2000-2015 Chinese Customs Data, we show that firm export quality increases after becoming a Gold Supplier and the effect is greater for smaller firms. Using the Simulated Method of Moments, we estimate a dynamic structural model that embeds information asymmetry, signaling, and quality upgrading. Counterfactual analysis shows that a 1% reduction in the differential cost of signaling increases total trade by 1.50% and that substantial changes in signaling costs can shift the market equilibrium.
主讲人简介：
高恺琳，对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院讲师，北京大学博士，研究成果发表在《经济研究》、《管理世界》、《经济学（季刊）》、《数量经济技术经济研究》、《国际经济评论》、China & World Economy等国内外期刊，主持国家自然科学基金青年项目。
北大经院工作坊第722场
Ranking, Rent and Relocation
国际经济学与实证产业组织工作坊
主讲人：卢昂荻（中国人民大学应用经济学院副教授）
主持老师：（北大经院）莫家伟
参与老师：
（北大经院）杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
（北大新结构）王歆、徐铭梽
时间：2023年10月14日（周六）10：20-11：30
地点：北京大学经济学院305会议室
报告摘要：
This paper unpacks an unexplored rent-seeking phenomenon——large firms could relocate to sub-tier cities to enjoy extra subsidies. Using administrative firm-level tax survey data from China, we find that: (1) some high-ranking firms (HRFs) intentionally choose smaller cities; (2) compared with low-ranking firms, HRFs receive higher ex-post subsidies; (3) local governments could provide firm-specific subsidies to attract HRFs. We quantify the welfare effects of such rank-dependent rents in a general equilibrium spatial model.
主讲人简介：
卢昂荻，中国人民大学应用经济学院副教授，主要从事国际贸易和区域经济研究。在China Economic Review、Energy Economics以及《地理研究》等期刊发表论文，主持国家自然科学基金青年基金。担任Emerging Markets Finance and Trade以及《经济学（季刊）》等学术期刊匿名审稿人。
北大经院工作坊第723场
China’s Country Image and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
国际经济学与实证产业组织工作坊
主讲人：陈仁静（武汉大学经济与管理学院讲师）
主持老师：（北大经院）莫家伟
参与老师：
（北大经院）杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
（北大新结构）王歆、徐铭梽
时间：2023年10月14日（周六）13：30-14：40
地点：北京大学经济学院305会议室
报告摘要：
This paper examines how China’s country image is affected by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In estimation regressions with country and year fixed effects, we find that after a country obtained the membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China’s country image significantly improved in this country, even after controlling for a list of political, economic, and trade factors. The positive ratio towards China’s country image increases by 13.5 percentage points, ceteris paribus, after a country becomes a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. This paper contributes to the political determinants of country image.
主讲人简介：
陈仁静，武汉大学经济与管理学院讲师，2021年毕业于新加坡管理大学，获经济学博士学位，主要研究领域为国际贸易，论文发表在The World Economy，主持国家自然科学基金青年基金一项。
北大经院工作坊第724场
Trade Policy in a Ricardian World with International Knowledge Diffusion
国际经济学与实证产业组织工作坊
主讲人：张弛（山东大学经济学院助理研究员）
主持老师：（北大经院）莫家伟
参与老师：
（北大经院）杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
（北大新结构）王歆、徐铭梽
时间：2023年10月14日（周六）14：40-15：50
地点：北京大学经济学院305会议室
报告摘要：
This paper studies the optimal trade policy in an open-economy model with knowledge diffusion. Trade policies can affect welfare through the pattern of comparative advantages, terms of trade, and the growth of technology driven by knowledge diffusion. Compared with a static Ricardian model, the ability to influence diffusion incentivizes countries to impose higher tariffs on relatively underdeveloped trading partners, such that Home country will not only trade more with but also have a higher probability of learning from advanced economies, which leads to faster economic growth and higher welfare. Simulations on transitional dynamics suggest that optimal tariff schedule is in favor of the relatively more developed trading partners in the short run. The ability to impose discriminatory tariffs is quantitatively important for developing countries, while developed countries can achieve similar welfare even under the restriction of the GATT/WTO “non-discrimination principle”. As countries grow more alike, the incentive to intervene diffusion process diminishes. In the absence of retaliation and coalition, the long-run optimal tariff is positive due to the terms-of-trade argument.
主讲人简介：
张弛博士，山东大学经济学院助理研究员。张弛毕业于新加坡国立大学经济学系（博士、硕士）。张弛的研究领域包括国际贸易、知识溢出、知识产权保护、经济增长、人口流动等。张弛的学术论文擅长使用定量方法，一般均衡模型和数据校准来研究开放经济下的复杂问题。
北大经院工作坊第725场
Returns to Scale, Productivity, and Markup:
Revisit the Export Premium
国际经济学与实证产业组织工作坊
主讲人：蒋雅婷（香港大学商学院博士）
主持老师：（北大经院）莫家伟
参与老师：
（北大经院）杨汝岱、田巍、刘政文、吴群锋
（北大新结构）王歆、徐铭梽
时间：2023年10月14日（周六）15：50-17：00
地点：北京大学经济学院305会议室
报告摘要：
The productivity effect of export has been the foundation for many trade-related policies. However, empirical studies usually find a mixed effect. We show that increasing returns to scale and markup are two important sources of gains from export, in addition to productivity effect. Because output prices are typically unavailable in most micro datasets, we develop a new method to consistently estimate firm-level markup, productivity, and returns to scale jointly, using the widely available revenue and inputs expenditure. We find that export has substantial efficiency gains, half of which is contributed by increasing returns to scale and the other half by export's productivity premium. The improved efficiency allows exporters to charge a higher markup but at a lower price. All together, firm profit increases by about a quarter after export in the Chinese manufacturing industry; consumers also benefit from lower prices. Increasing returns to scale also provide an explanation to why TFPR may fail to capture the export premium.
主讲人简介：
蒋雅婷，香港大学经济学博士。主要研究领域为实证产业组织，国际贸易，和应用微观经济学。其研究侧重于应用静态或动态结构化分析方法，研究方向涉及企业成长，企业创新、营销动态决策，企业生产率、成本加成估计等。
供稿：科研与博士后办公室
美编：初夏、小乔
责编：度量、雨禾、雨田
